gpt-4.1

gpt-4.1 is a frontier-tier language model from OpenAI. gpt-4.1 is a proprietary model available exclusively through OpenAI's API. GPT-4 is OpenAI's flagship model family, known for strong instruction following, broad knowledge, and reliable function calling — the most widely integrated LLM family in production applications.

gpt-4.1 is priced at $2/1M input tokens and $8/1M output tokens. Output tokens are 4× more expensive than input tokens — this ratio reflects the sequential nature of autoregressive generation, which requires a separate forward pass per output token versus parallel processing of all input tokens simultaneously. At a typical usage pattern of 1,000 input tokens and 500 output tokens per call, gpt-4.1 costs approximately $6.00 per 1,000 API calls. Prompt caching reduces repeated input tokens to $0.5/1M — a 75% discount that compounds significantly for applications with long shared system prompts, multi-turn conversations, or document Q&A where the same context is reused across many queries.

Its 1.0M-token context window is among the largest available — sufficient for processing entire codebases, book-length documents, or hours of transcribed audio in a single API call. Median latency (P50 time-to-first-token) is approximately 600ms — suitable for interactive applications where sub-second response is acceptable. Throughput is approximately 100 tokens/second — adequate for streaming at comfortable reading speed. Maximum output length is 33K tokens — sufficient for long-form content generation, detailed code files, and extended reports.

gpt-4.1 is best suited to chat, coding, vision. Supported capabilities include vision inputs (images alongside text), function calling / tool use for agentic workflows, streaming token output for real-time UIs. Vision support enables document analysis, screenshot understanding, diagram interpretation, and visual question answering — images are converted to tokens at the standard input rate based on resolution. Function calling support makes it suitable for building AI agents, structured data extraction pipelines, and any workflow requiring the model to invoke external APIs or return typed JSON. When evaluating this model for a specific workload, the most important factors are: context window (does your input fit?), output price (how long are your generations?), and latency (is this interactive or batch?). The pricing table above shows how gpt-4.1 compares to similar models across these dimensions.

gpt-4.1 sits in the frontier tier — the highest-capability models available, used when quality is the primary constraint and cost is secondary. Unlike open-weights alternatives, gpt-4.1 is only available via OpenAI's API — there is no self-hosted option, which simplifies deployment but creates vendor dependency. When comparing gpt-4.1 to alternatives, use the similar models section on this page to find models at comparable price points with different capability tradeoffs. The intelligence score (80/100) reflects aggregate benchmark performance — a useful proxy for general capability, though real-world performance varies significantly by task type. Always test with your specific prompts and use case before committing to a model for production.